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The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a 13-digit number that uniquely identifies books and book-like products published internationally.

The purpose of the ISBN is to establish and identify one title or edition of a title from one specific publisher and is unique to that edition, allowing for more efficient marketing of products by booksellers, libraries, universities, wholesalers and distributors.

Every ISBN consists of thirteen digits and whenever it is printed it is preceded by the letters ISBN. The thirteen-digit number is divided into five parts, each part separated by a hyphen.

Each ISBN number sequence starts with “978.” The rest of the numbers denote the following:
Group or country identifier: identifies a national or geographic grouping of publishers;
Publisher identifier: identifies a particular publisher within a group;
Title identifier: identifies a particular title or edition of a title;
Check digit: single digit at the end of the ISBN, which validates the ISBN

This code appears on the back cover of the book and has the author’s unique ISBN number, and price of the book embedded into the code. 

Authors who want to sell their book through the standard channels, such as retail bookstores and chains; online bookstores; wholesalers; and distributors, need a standard bar code to process the sale.

This is a unique identification number that the Library of Congress assigns to the catalog record created for each book in its cataloged collections. Librarians use it to locate a specific Library of Congress catalog record in the national databases and to order catalog cards from the Library of Congress or from commercial suppliers. The Library of Congress assigns this number while the book is being cataloged.

There is no relationship between the PCN program and Copyright registration. The principal intention of copyright records is to document the intellectual or creative ownership of a work. The principal intention of the PCN program is to assign Library of Congress Control Numbers (LCCNs) in advance of publication to those titles that the Library may add to its collections. When printed in the book, the LCCN facilitates access to the bibliographic record for that book and thereby expedites book processing by libraries and book dealers who obtain copies of the book.

For more information concerning the Copyright Office, go to https://www.copyright.gov